2. Mil, grush - currency denominations in Palestine and later in Israel. One pound or lira was worth one hundred piasters (grush) or 1000 mil.
3. Battle of Yarmouk - decisive battle in the struggle for Palestine between the Muslim and the Byzantine armies on 20 August 636. The Yarmouk is a tributary of the Jordan River.
4. Tyre - historic city in today’s Lebanon
5. Tango-Golf-Alpha-Five - encoded message.
1. Rehovot - small town about 20 km south of Tel Aviv.
2. Nahalal - famous agricultural collective in the north of Israel.
3. Tayeb - (Arabic) - "good."
4. Ness Ziona, Rishon LeZion (or Rishon). Small towns on the road south from Tel Aviv.
5. Arak - aniseed flavored alcoholic spirit.
6. Kassit - for decades the most well-known artists’ cafe in Tel Aviv.
7. Jenin and Nablus - two larger Arab towns, in today’s West Bank.
1. The Emek - (Hebrew) "the valley." The plain in the north of Israel between the Mediterranean and the Sea of Galilee.
2. Book of Job 39:25.
3. Arabic - "Hand over the money."
4. "Ma feesh, ya khawaja" - (Arabic) - "I have nothing, sir."
5. Shilling - coin worth five grush.
6. "Dakhilkum! Ma bidnash namut! Ma bidnash namut!" - (Arabic) - "Please, we’re begging you! We don’t want to die! We don’t want to die!"
7. "Ya khawaja!" - A respectful form of address for Europeans and other foreigners.
8. "Inta bitmut!" - (Arabic) - "You are going to die!"
1. Damietta - small town in Egypt.
2. From a song by Yaffa Yarkoni. Yarkoni served in the Givati Brigade in the War of 1948, was a member of the army choral troupe, and was later dubbed the "War Singer"; she went on to become one of Israel’s most respected singers.